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Elastic Docs ›Elasticsearch Guide [7.3] ›REST APIs ›Index APIs
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Put mapping APIedit

Adds new fields to an existing index or changes the search settings of existing fields.

PUT /twitter/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "email": {
      "type": "keyword"
    }
  }
}

Before 7.0.0, the mappings definition used to include a type name. Although specifying types in requests is now deprecated, a type can still be provided if the request parameter include_type_name is set. For more details, please see Removal of mapping types.

Requestedit

PUT /<index>/_mapping

PUT /_mapping

Path parametersedit

<index>

(Optional, string) Comma-separated list or wildcard expression of index names used to limit the request.

To update the mapping of all indices, omit this parameter or use a value of _all.

Query parametersedit

allow_no_indices

(Optional, boolean) If true, the request does not return an error if a wildcard expression or _all value retrieves only missing or closed indices.

This parameter also applies to index aliases that point to a missing or closed index.

expand_wildcards

(Optional, string) Controls what kind of indices that wildcard expressions can expand to. Valid values are:

all
Expand to open and closed indices.
open
Expand only to open indices.
closed
Expand only to closed indices.
none
Wildcard expressions are not accepted.

Defaults to open.

include_type_name
[7.0.0] Deprecated in 7.0.0. Mapping types have been deprecated. See Removal of mapping types. (Optional, boolean) If true, a mapping type is expected in the body of mappings. Defaults to false.
ignore_unavailable
(Optional, boolean) If true, missing or closed indices are not included in the response. Defaults to false.
timeout
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a response. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to 30s.
master_timeout
(Optional, time units) Specifies the period of time to wait for a connection to the master node. If no response is received before the timeout expires, the request fails and returns an error. Defaults to 30s.

Request bodyedit

properties

(Required, mapping object) Mapping for a field. For new fields, this mapping can include:

For existing fields, see Update an existing field.

Examplesedit

Example with index setupedit

The put mapping API requires an existing index. The following create index API request creates the publications index with no mapping.

PUT /publications

The following put mapping API request adds title, a new text field, to the publications index.

PUT /publications/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "title":  { "type": "text"}
  }
}

Multiple indicesedit

The PUT mapping API can be applied to multiple indices with a single request. For example, we can update the twitter-1 and twitter-2 mappings at the same time:

# Create the two indices
PUT /twitter-1
PUT /twitter-2

# Update both mappings
PUT /twitter-1,twitter-2/_mapping 
{
  "properties": {
    "user_name": {
      "type": "text"
    }
  }
}

Note that the indices specified (twitter-1,twitter-2) follows multiple index names and wildcard format.

Update an existing fieldedit

You can’t change the mapping of an existing field, with the following exceptions:

  • You can add new properties to an object field.
  • You can use the field mapping parameter to enable multi-fields.
  • You can change the value of the ignore_above mapping parameter.

Changing the mapping of an existing field could invalidate data that’s already indexed. If you need to change the mapping of a field, create a new index with the correct mappings and reindex your data into that index. If you only want to rename a field, consider adding an alias field.

For example:

PUT /my_index 
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "name": {
        "properties": {
          "first": {
            "type": "text"
          }
        }
      },
      "user_id": {
        "type": "keyword"
      }
    }
  }
}

PUT /my_index/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "name": {
      "properties": {
        "last": { 
          "type": "text"
        }
      }
    },
    "user_id": {
      "type": "keyword",
      "ignore_above": 100 
    }
  }
}

Create an index with a first field under the name Object field, and a user_id field.

Add a last field under the name object field.

Update the ignore_above setting from its default of 0.

Each mapping parameter specifies whether or not its setting can be updated on an existing field.

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