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Component Object Model Hijackingedit

Identifies Component Object Model (COM) hijacking via registry modification. Adversaries may establish persistence by executing malicious content triggered by hijacked references to COM objects.

Rule type: eql

Rule indices:

  • logs-endpoint.events.registry-*

Severity: medium

Risk score: 47

Runs every: 5m

Searches indices from: now-9m (Date Math format, see also Additional look-back time)

Maximum alerts per execution: 100

References:

Tags:

  • Domain: Endpoint
  • OS: Windows
  • Use Case: Threat Detection
  • Tactic: Persistence
  • Tactic: Defense Evasion
  • Tactic: Privilege Escalation
  • Resources: Investigation Guide
  • Data Source: Elastic Endgame
  • Data Source: Elastic Defend

Version: 112

Rule authors:

  • Elastic

Rule license: Elastic License v2

Investigation guideedit

Triage and analysis

Investigating Component Object Model Hijacking

Adversaries can insert malicious code that can be executed in place of legitimate software through hijacking the COM references and relationships as a means of persistence.

Possible investigation steps

  • Investigate the process execution chain (parent process tree) for unknown processes. Examine their executable files for prevalence, whether they are located in expected locations, and if they are signed with valid digital signatures.
  • Identify the user account that performed the action and whether it should perform this kind of action.
  • Investigate other alerts associated with the user/host during the past 48 hours.
  • Assess whether this behavior is prevalent in the environment by looking for similar occurrences across hosts.
  • Retrieve the file referenced in the registry and determine if it is malicious:
  • Use a private sandboxed malware analysis system to perform analysis.
  • Observe and collect information about the following activities:
  • Attempts to contact external domains and addresses.
  • File and registry access, modification, and creation activities.
  • Service creation and launch activities.
  • Scheduled task creation.
  • Use the PowerShell Get-FileHash cmdlet to get the files' SHA-256 hash values.
  • Search for the existence and reputation of the hashes in resources like VirusTotal, Hybrid-Analysis, CISCO Talos, Any.run, etc.

False positive analysis

  • Some Microsoft executables will reference the LocalServer32 registry key value for the location of external COM objects.

Response and remediation

  • Initiate the incident response process based on the outcome of the triage.
  • Isolate the involved host to prevent further post-compromise behavior.
  • If the triage identified malware, search the environment for additional compromised hosts.
  • Implement temporary network rules, procedures, and segmentation to contain the malware.
  • Stop suspicious processes.
  • Immediately block the identified indicators of compromise (IoCs).
  • Inspect the affected systems for additional malware backdoors like reverse shells, reverse proxies, or droppers that attackers could use to reinfect the system.
  • Remove and block malicious artifacts identified during triage.
  • Investigate credential exposure on systems compromised or used by the attacker to ensure all compromised accounts are identified. Reset passwords for these accounts and other potentially compromised credentials, such as email, business systems, and web services.
  • Run a full antimalware scan. This may reveal additional artifacts left in the system, persistence mechanisms, and malware components.
  • Determine the initial vector abused by the attacker and take action to prevent reinfection through the same vector.
  • Using the incident response data, update logging and audit policies to improve the mean time to detect (MTTD) and the mean time to respond (MTTR).

Setupedit

Setup

If enabling an EQL rule on a non-elastic-agent index (such as beats) for versions <8.2, events will not define event.ingested and default fallback for EQL rules was not added until version 8.2. Hence for this rule to work effectively, users will need to add a custom ingest pipeline to populate event.ingested to @timestamp. For more details on adding a custom ingest pipeline refer - https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/fleet/current/data-streams-pipeline-tutorial.html

Rule queryedit

registry where host.os.type == "windows" and
  /* not necessary but good for filtering privileged installations */
  user.domain != "NT AUTHORITY" and
  (
    (
      registry.path : "HK*\\InprocServer32\\" and
      registry.data.strings: ("scrobj.dll", "?:\\*\\scrobj.dll") and
      not registry.path : "*\\{06290BD*-48AA-11D2-8432-006008C3FBFC}\\*"
    ) or

    (
      registry.path : "HKLM\\*\\InProcServer32\\*" and
        registry.data.strings : ("*\\Users\\*", "*\\ProgramData\\*")
    ) or

    /* in general COM Registry changes on Users Hive is less noisy and worth alerting */
    (
      registry.path : (
        "HKEY_USERS\\*\\InprocServer32\\",
        "HKEY_USERS\\*\\LocalServer32\\",
        "HKEY_USERS\\*\\DelegateExecute",
        "HKEY_USERS\\*\\TreatAs\\",
        "HKEY_USERS\\*\\ScriptletURL*"
      ) and
      not
      (
        (
          process.name : "svchost.exe" and
            process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Microsoft Windows Publisher" and
            registry.value : "DelegateExecute" and
            registry.data.strings : (
              /* https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/clsid_4ED3A719-CEA8-4BD9-910D-E252F997AFC2.html */
              "{4ED3A719-CEA8-4BD9-910D-E252F997AFC2}",

              /* https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/clsid_A56A841F-E974-45C1-8001-7E3F8A085917.html */
              "{A56A841F-E974-45C1-8001-7E3F8A085917}",

              /* https://strontic.github.io/xcyclopedia/library/clsid_BFEC0C93-0B7D-4F2C-B09C-AFFFC4BDAE78.html */
              "{BFEC0C93-0B7D-4F2C-B09C-AFFFC4BDAE78}",
              "%SystemRoot%\\system32\\shdocvw.dll"
            )
        ) or
        (
          process.name : "veeam.backup.shell.exe" and
            registry.path : "HKEY_USERS\\S-1-*_Classes\\CLSID\\*\\LocalServer32\\" and
            process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Veeam Software Group GmbH"
        ) or
        (
          process.name : ("ADNotificationManager.exe", "Creative Cloud.exe") and
            process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Adobe Inc." and
            registry.data.strings : (
              "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Adobe\\Acrobat Reader DC\\Reader\\ADNotificationManager.exe\" -ToastActivated",
              "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Adobe\\Acrobat DC\\Acrobat\\ADNotificationManager.exe\" -ToastActivated",
              "\"?:\\Program Files\\Adobe\\Acrobat DC\\Acrobat\\ADNotificationManager.exe\" -ToastActivated",
              "\"?:\\Program Files\\Adobe\\Acrobat Reader DC\\Reader\\ADNotificationManager.exe\" -ToastActivated",
              "\"?:\\Program Files\\Adobe\\Adobe Creative Cloud\\ACC\\Creative Cloud.exe\" -ToastActivated"
            )
        ) or
        (
          process.name : ("IslandUpdateComRegisterShell64.exe", "IslandUpdate.exe", "GoogleUpdateComRegisterShell64.exe") and
            process.code_signature.trusted == true and
            process.code_signature.subject_name in ("Island Technology Inc.", "Google LLC") and
            registry.data.strings : (
              "*?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Island\\Update\\*",
              "*?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Update\\*"
            )
        ) or
        (
          process.name : ("SelfService.exe", "WfShell.exe") and
            process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Citrix Systems, Inc." and
            registry.data.strings : (
              "\"?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Citrix\\ICA Client\\SelfServicePlugin\\SelfService.exe\" -ToastActivated",
              "%SystemRoot%\\system32\\shdocvw.dll",
              "%SystemRoot%\\sysWOW64\\shdocvw.dll"
            )
        ) or
        (
          process.name : ("msrdcw.exe") and
            process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Microsoft Corporation" and
            registry.data.strings : (
              "\"?:\\Program Files\\Remote Desktop\\msrdcw.exe\" -ToastActivated",
              "\"?:\\Users\\*\\AppData\\Local\\Apps\\Remote Desktop\\msrdcw.exe\" -ToastActivated"
            )
        ) or
        (
          process.name : ("ssvagent.exe") and
            process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "Oracle America, Inc." and
            registry.data.strings : (
              "?:\\Program Files\\Java\\jre*\\bin\\jp2iexp.dll",
              "?:\\Program Files (x86)\\Java\\jre*\\bin\\jp2iexp.dll"
            )
        ) or
        (
          process.name : ("hpnotifications.exe") and
            process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name == "HP Inc." and
            registry.data.strings : (
              "\"?:\\Windows\\System32\\DriverStore\\FileRepository\\hpsvcsscancomp.inf_amd64_*\\x64\\hpnotifications.exe\" -ToastActivated"
            )
        )
      )
    )
  ) and

  /* removes false-positives generated by OneDrive and Teams */
  not
  (
    process.name: ("OneDrive.exe", "OneDriveSetup.exe", "FileSyncConfig.exe", "Teams.exe") and
    process.code_signature.trusted == true and process.code_signature.subject_name in ("Microsoft Windows", "Microsoft Corporation")
  ) and

  /* Teams DLL loaded by regsvr */
  not (process.name: "regsvr32.exe" and registry.data.strings : "*Microsoft.Teams.*.dll")

Framework: MITRE ATT&CKTM

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