---
title: Native user authentication
description: The easiest way to manage and authenticate users is with the internal native realm. You can use Elasticsearch REST APIs or Kibana to add and remove users,...
url: https://www.elastic.co/docs/deploy-manage/users-roles/cluster-or-deployment-auth/native
products:
  - Elastic Cloud on Kubernetes
  - Elasticsearch
  - Kibana
applies_to:
  - Elastic Stack: Generally available
---

# Native user authentication
The easiest way to manage and authenticate users is with the internal `native` realm. You can use [Elasticsearch REST APIs](#native-users-api) or [Kibana](#managing-native-users) to add and remove users, assign user roles, and manage user passwords.
In self-managed Elasticsearch clusters, you can also reset passwords for users in the native realm [using the command line](#reset-pw-cmd-line).
<tip>
  This topic describes using the native realm at the cluster or deployment level, for the purposes of authenticating with Elasticsearch and Kibana.You can also manage and authenticate users natively at the following levels:
  - For an [Elastic Cloud Enterprise installation](https://www.elastic.co/docs/deploy-manage/users-roles/cloud-enterprise-orchestrator/native-user-authentication).
  - For an [Elastic Cloud organization](https://www.elastic.co/docs/deploy-manage/users-roles/cloud-organization/manage-users).
</tip>


## Configure a native realm

The native realm is available and enabled by default. You can disable it explicitly with the following setting.
```yaml
xpack.security.authc.realms.native.native1:
  enabled: false
```

You can configure a `native` realm in the `xpack.security.authc.realms.native` namespace in [`elasticsearch.yml`](https://www.elastic.co/docs/deploy-manage/stack-settings). Explicitly configuring a native realm enables you to set the order in which it appears in the realm chain, temporarily disable the realm, and control its cache options.
1. Add a realm configuration to `elasticsearch.yml` under the `xpack.security.authc.realms.native` namespace. It is recommended that you explicitly set the `order` attribute for the realm.
   <note>
   You can configure only one native realm on Elasticsearch nodes.
   </note>
   See [Native realm settings](https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/elasticsearch/configuration-reference/security-settings#ref-native-settings) for all of the options you can set for the `native` realm. For example, the following snippet shows a `native` realm configuration that sets the `order` to zero so the realm is checked first:
   ```yaml
   xpack.security.authc.realms.native.native1:
     order: 0
   ```
   <note>
   To limit exposure to credential theft and mitigate credential compromise, the native realm stores passwords and caches user credentials according to security best practices. By default, a hashed version of user credentials is stored in memory, using a salted `sha-256` hash algorithm and a hashed version of passwords is stored on disk salted and hashed with the `bcrypt` hash algorithm. To use different hash algorithms, see [User cache and password hash algorithms](https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/elasticsearch/configuration-reference/security-settings#hashing-settings).
   </note>
2. Restart Elasticsearch.


## Manage native users using Kibana

Elastic enables you to easily manage users in Kibana. To manage users in Kibana, go to the **Users** management page in the navigation menu or use the [global search field](https://www.elastic.co/docs/explore-analyze/find-and-organize/find-apps-and-objects).
From this page, you can create users, edit users, assign roles to users, and change user passwords. You can also deactivate or delete existing users.

### Example: Create a user

1. Go to the **Users** management page in the navigation menu or use the [global search field](https://www.elastic.co/docs/explore-analyze/find-and-organize/find-apps-and-objects).
2. Click **Create user**.
3. Give the user a descriptive username, and choose a secure password.
4. Optional: assign [roles](https://www.elastic.co/docs/deploy-manage/users-roles/cluster-or-deployment-auth/user-roles) to the user.
5. Click **Create user**.

![Create user UI](https://www.elastic.co/docs/deploy-manage/images/kibana-tutorial-secure-access-example-1-user.png)


## Manage native users using the `user` API

You can manage users through the Elasticsearch `user` API.
For example, you can change a user's password:
```json

{
  "password" : "new-test-password"
}
```

For more information and examples, see [Users](https://www.elastic.co/docs/api/doc/elasticsearch/group/endpoint-security).

## Reset passwords for native users using the command line

<applies-to>
  - Self-managed Elastic deployments: Generally available
</applies-to>

You can also reset passwords for users in the native realm through the command line using the [`elasticsearch-reset-password`](https://www.elastic.co/docs/reference/elasticsearch/command-line-tools/reset-password) tool.
For example, the following command changes the password for a user with the username `user1` to an auto-generated value, and prints the new password to the terminal:
```shell
bin/elasticsearch-reset-password -u user1
```

To explicitly set a password for a user, include the `-i` parameter with the intended password.
```shell
bin/elasticsearch-reset-password -u user1 -i <password>
```